Treated coke and process of treating the same



Oct. 31, 1933; J. D. DOHERTY TREATED COKE AND PROCESS OF TREATING THE SAME Filed Feb. 28, 1951 IN VEN TOR.

Mango/l0 fiery Patented Oct. 31, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TREATED COKE AND PROCESS OF TREATING THE SAME ration oi Delaware Application February 28, 1931. Serial No. 519,168

' id p ovide dyed pulpoi such character as that ordinariLv employed in the manufacture of paper and which may be of any desired color. The pulp is in such fluid state and is so mixed with a solution oi a deliquescent salt, such as calcium chlolfi ride or magnesium chloride, that the mixture may be readily applied by means of fluid pressure toa moving stream of coke. The solution containing the pulp may be supplied in such quantitles as to be applied to substantially all of the QOpieces of coke whereby the latter are rendered distinctive in appearance and receive a sufilcient quantity of the solution to render the coke substantially dustless.

In preparing a suitable mixture for treating '2 the coke, fibrous pplp, such as may be employed in connection with the manufacture of paper in paper mills, is supplied to a suitable beater after the latter is partially filled with water. The weighed amount 0! pulp is sufilcient to make 2.5 39 to 3% of stock. The pulp is then disintegrated in the water and the correct amount of dye in solution is added.

- Many iast dyes have slight affinity for pulp and it is necessary in many instances to employ materials for fixing the dye on the pulp fibres.

It has been found that rosin size and an alum or other suitable chemical, for example, aluminium sulphate (A12(SO4)3.18H2O) are satisfactory for this purpose. when used, the rosin size is preferably added immediately after the dye and the alum is added shortly before the completion of the beating process.

when, however, calcium chloride solution is employed, as in the process otmy invention, it serves to fix the dye on the fibres o! the pulp and the addition of rosin size and an alum may be dispensed with, if desired.

Tests have shown that the following mixture provides a treating material with very satisiactory characteristics as to distinctive color and its durability and as to rendering the coke substantially dustless:

Pulp 200poundssulphitescreenings Water 390 gallons Deliquescent salt.-. 545 gallons 33%CaCla solution The following is an example of a procedure 0! preparing such a mixture from said quantities.

.Into a beater capable of holding 200 pounds of air-dry pulp at 545% consistency (percent airdry pulp in mix) run 390 gallons of water and then add 200 pounds of air-dry pulp. After the pieces are broken up sufiiciently 3 gallons of dye solution containing 2 pounds Solantine red 8 BLNP dye are added and treatment in the beater continued for two hours. (Size and alum to be added if desired.) The treated pulp is then dumped into an agitator tank and followed by 545 gallons of 33% CaCh. This produces a mixture comprising-the Susp ns on oi colored pulp which equals about 40-50 percent of the total mixture and the solution of calcium chloride which equals about 60-50 percent of the total .25 gallons of this mixture contains approximately 0.5 pounds of pulp and five pounds of so CaClz, which quantities are sufilcient for trade marking and rendering substantially dustless one ton of coke.

It will be understood that the concentrations of pulp and calcium chloride and the quantity of mixture sprayed can be varied between rather wide limits. Dry calcium chloride may be added to dyed pulp or, it necessary, pulp can be dyed in a calcium chloride solution. However, when adding commercial calcium chloride to certain unsized dyed pulps,-the alkalinity must, in some cases, be adjusted as it afiects the color of the pulp, when, the solution is strongly alkaline. when the pulp is sized, however, the dye is not adversely afiected.

Instead of sulphite screenings, it is possible to use any fibrous or semi-fibrous pulp, such, for

' example, as cornstalk pulp, groundwood pulp,

groundwood screenings, old newspapers, bleached sulphite, unbleached sulphite or soda pulp. Cerm0 tain of these alternative materials or mixtures 01 two or more 01' them may be used satisfactorily but in some cases slightly more dye is required for the same depth of color and the resulting material does not retain its depth of color for the same period. Bleached sulphite, unbleached sulphite and soda pulp may be substituted very satisfactorily for sulphite screenings, but their cost is somewhat higher.

The preferred dye employed, which is known its fast and brilliant red color.

Upon the completion of the process of beating the pulp and adding the other ingredients, the mixture is transferred to a tank for storage. Agitation is necessary to maintain a uniform mixture.

The prepared mixture may then be pumped or fed by gravity from the agitator tank to the sprays or other devices for applying the mixture to the coke. Any satisfactory type of spray may be used that will secure proper supply and dis tribution of the dyed pulp mixture. For example, the apparatus shown in the accompanying drawing may be employed.

In the drawing,

Figure l is an elevational view illustrating ap paratus for loading and treating coke;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view, partially in elevation and partially in vertical section, of a spray device for practicing my invention;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a deflector of the device of Fig. 2; and

Figs. 4 and 5 are, respectively, top plan and side elevational views of a spray device of modified form.

In treating coke in accordance with my invention, coke may be supplied from a storage bin 1 to a conveyor belt 2, by means of which it is conveyed to a truck 3 or other container to be loaded. A pipe 4, which may be connected to any suitable storage device for the treating mixture, supplies the latter to a spray device 5 having a deflector 6 for directing the mixture downwardly in a spray of fan shape. The mixture may be forced through an orifice 'l in the end of the pipe 4 by means of liquid pressure, as by a pump. The mixture comprising the dyed pulp is indicated at 8.

As shown in Fig. 2, the operation of the spray device 5 may be controlled by means of a valve 9 having, for example, bevel gear mechanism 10 and a sprocket wheel 11 and a chain 12 therefor for conveniently adJusting the position of the valve 9.

In case it is desired to spray the solution over a band of moving coke, as in a chute, the spray device 14 shown in Figs. 4 and 5 may be used. It is provided with a whirling chamber 15 and an outlet or nozzle 16 from which the material diverges in the form of a cone.

By suitably regulating the pressure and thereby the quantity of mixture that is applied to the coke, the latter may be marked to any desired degree and the coke may be supplied with a desired amount of calcium chloride solution for rendering the coke dustless. Coke thus treated will have a distinct appearance that will readily identify it from coke marked by any other material. It will retain its means of identification since the pulp readily conforms to the porous surface of the coke and adheres thereto, where it will remain for long periods, regardless of weather conditions.

The pulp will also retain its brilliance of color for considerable periods by reason of the dye being fixed on the fibres'of the pulp and by reason, also, of the fact that the pulp remains slightly moist because of the presence of the deliquescent salt. Furthermore, the surface coating of the calcium chloride solution on the 9915? for rendering it dustless at any desired stage in its handling after being quenched but preferably as it is being loaded for shipment or for delivery to the consumer. The coke should be free falling or tumbling, as in a chute, when the mixture is applied.

Coke marked with the materials and in the manner above described possesses a number of advantageous features. The marking material is of fast color and it will retain its appearance for relatively long periods of time. The marking material is firmly secured to the coke by reason of its conforming to the rough cellular structure of the latter. The marking material is combustible and contains very little ash. The marking material has no odor and coke marked as described above has a pleasing appearance.

The presence of calcium chloride in the treat-- ing mixture causes the latter to have a much lower freezing point and, consequently, the process may be practiced in relativelycold weather without freezing of the pulp suspension in the pipes. For the same reason freezing of treated coke in cars and bins is also prevented.

The use of calcium chloride solution permits the omission of sizing for fixing dye on the fibres, if desired, and the color is deepened and its appearance is the more brilliant by reason of the pulp being in a more moist condition. The fastness of the color to light is also increased.

It will be appreciated that the proportions of the various ingredients of the treating mixture may be varied within reasonable limits and the quantity of the treating mixture may be varied in accordance with the results that are to be secured.

The foregoing and other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art relating to the treatment of coke.

I claim as my invention:

1. The process of treating coke which comprises applying to the outer surface thereof a mass of colored pulp'and calcium chloride solution. I

2. Coke having on the outer surface thereof a mass of colored pulp and calcium chloride solution.

3. The process of treating coke which comprises applying thereto dyed fibrous pulp and deliquescent material for fixing dye on the fibres of saidpulp and for maintaining said pulp and the surface of said coke in moist condition.

4. Coke having applied thereto dyed fibrous pulp and deliquescent material for fixing dye on the fibres of said pulp and for maintaining said pulp and the surface of said coke in moist condition. I

5. The process of treating coke which comprises applying thereto a composition comprising a mixture of about forty to fifty parts of a suspension of colored fibrous pulp and about sixty to fifty parts of a solution of calcium chloride.

6. The process oftreating coke which comprises applying thereto a composition comprising a mixture of about forty to fifty parts of a suspension of colored fibrous pulp and about sixty to fifty parts of a solution of approximately 33% calcium chloride.

7. The process of treating coke which comprises applying to each ton thereof between 2.4

to three gallons of a composition containing 001- magma 3 orednbrouapulpsuepenlionandcalciumchlorlde in: to the outer surface thereof a quantity of solution colored fibrous pulp and a solution of a 8. The mecca: of treating coke which comcentealtiorbothflxln thecoloronthenbreeot prieeeapplyinztoeachtouthereotapproximately eaidpiflpandiorrenderincthecotemhetantially 5 2.5 gallons oiacompodtion comprlein amlxture dustlees. V 83 oi'aboutforty-flveparteoi'anupenaionotdyed 10. The process of treating coke which comnbrous pulp and about fifty-five. parts of a eoluprises applyinx thereto a composition of dyed tion of 33% calcium chloride for marking said fibrous pulp suspension and calcium chloride coketorenderitdletiuctive for identiilcationand solution in which the ratio oi" pulpto calcium c for rendering it eubetantially duetleee. Y chloride is about one to ten. 1

9.Theproceeaottreatineolldtuelotthe lump character of coke which cumin-lees apply- JOSEPH D. DOHBRTY. 

